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ACHA PEACE BULLETIN

http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/ACHAPeaceBulletin

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A publication of Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA)

 www.asiapeace.org  &  www.indiapakistanpeace.org

 

Editor:  Pritam K. Rohila, PhD           asiapeace@comcast.net

 

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Volume XII, No. 2, February 15, 2008, Next Issue, March 15, 2008

 

______________________________________________________________________________

CONTENTS

 

EDITORIAL

*Rekindling hope in our hearts, Pritam K. Rohila, Ph.D.

GUEST EDITORIALS

*Rays of hope in Pakistan, Dr. Umar Khan

LETTERS

*Now it is time to share & care with each other,  Eng. Mehmood

BOOKS

*People Power and Protest Since 1945: A Bibliography of Nonviolent Action

*Housmans Peace Diary 2008 with World Peace Directory

*The Tribute to the Strugglers: Tuhfat al-Mujahidin, Shaykh Zainuddin Makhdum    

*Fault Lines: Stories of 1971, Niaz Zaman & Asif Farrukhi (Eds)

*Communalism: Illustrated Primer, Ram Puniyani

*Turning the Pot, Tilling the Land: Dignity of Labor in our Times, Kancha Iliah

EVENTS

*February 17, 2008, Toronto, ON, Canada: Faiz Peace Festival

*April 2008, New Delhi, India: EXPRESSIONS OF DEVOTION IN ISLAM

*October 4-7, Koach, Kerala, India: SPIRITUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT

*December 3-9, 2009, Melbourne, Australia: World’s Religions Parliament

PEACE & HARMONY NEWS FROM INDIA & PAKISTAN

PEACE & HARMONY NEWS FROM SOUTH ASIA

POSTERS

*Terrorism

UPDATE: KASHMIR

UPDATE: NEPAL

UPDATE: PAKISTAN

UPDATE: SRI LANKA

______________________________________________________________________________

 

EDITORIAL

 

*Rekindling hope in our hearts, Pritam K. Rohila, Ph.D.

 

For quite some time, we have been bombarded with the news of one horrific happening after another, in various parts of South Asia. 

 

Not a single day passes without one or more reports of violence, conflict, minority-bashing, suppression of the human and civil rights of people, or disregard for the rule of law. It seems as if many parts of South Asia are spiraling down into a bottomless black hole.

 

Under the circumstances, it is hard for one not to lose hope – hope about our and our children’s future as well as hope for the future of the South Asian nations. Yet, hope we must have, if we at all wish to get out of this hole.

 

We must hope, because, if we don’t, we quit trying to do even what we can, to improve our lot. Also our ability to think clearly and to reason logically is compromised. Further our capacity to perform meaningful, purposeful acts to get out of the hole is undermined.

 

Therefore, it is very important that we muster all the energy we can access to do all we can do, individually and in cooperation with other like-minded people, to improve our and our nations’ future.

 

Let us then commit ourselves to do the best each one of us can do to meet the challenges we face.

 

And let us not forget that, in the long term, no one will be able to prosper without peace in our minds, in our families, in our neighborhoods, and yes, even with our “enemies.”

 

GUEST EDITORIALS

 

*Rays of hope in Pakistan, Dr. Umar Khan, February 7, 2008

 

Dr. Khan heads a Lahore based Think Tank. He can be reached at khanmomar@yahoo.com

 

In February 1977 a very lively election campaign was going on in Pakistan. We had a democratic government with real power while most of the third world was under dictatorships and military takeover in Pakistan appeared out of question when an American comic commented upon seeing Pakistani faces "I believe Pakistanis are having general elections. Lets see which general they elect this time". Within months his prediction came true and a General packed up democracy in Pakistan, which got entangled in a web of problems getting deeper and deeper with every effort trying to solve them.

 

The situation has worsened so much that the world media now is only flashing bad news about Pakistan and doubts regarding its future are being voiced everywhere. There is terrorism, lawlessness, constitution is routinely abrogated, extremism, weak state institutions, jailed judges of the supreme court and many other problems pertaining to economy, politics and law and order. Current events are so grim that we can't decide whether to watch 6 o'clock news and not be able to eat or the 10 o'clock news and not be able to sleep. All these paint a very bleak picture about the future of Pakistan and prophets of doom are working full time making their pessimistic predictions. Despite the fact that these problems do actually exist we have enough of signals to he hopeful and optimistic about its future. In these times of desperation and despair there are clear indications that Pakistan will not only survive but also overcome its problems and flourish and prosper. 

 

Before enumerating the signs of hope let me remind the readers that the apparent situation can many times be terribly misleading like East Asia of the mid sixties. China then was going through a great upheaval in the name of cultural revolution, Indonesians were busy killing more than a million of their country fellows, Vietnam was fighting a catastrophic war against the worlds greatest power, Malay peninsula was dividing politically and Philippines was being robbed by a military dictator Marcos.  The situation sounded absolutely hopeless and the prophets of doom were predicting further disasters. I am not aware of anyone envisaging hope then but the world saw that within 10-15 years this region became a region of tigers and now it is heading towards being the hub of world economy and politics. It overcame all its problems and stared running on the path of progress. Miracles do happen but only if the people work hard enough to make them happen. Pakistan is on that stage and we might be just knocking the doors of peace and prosperity but we have to win a few battles first, the foremost being the battle for democracy.

 

The biggest sign of optimism is that the level of awareness has improved enormously among the Pakistanis and an average person is much better informed than many residents of the first world. Nations who are not aware of their actual heroes and villains are doomed as the Pakistanis were when many actually hoped for good coming out of military dictators. Significant if not substantial segment of population considered the constitution breaking generals their deliverers and the elected officials the villains. Religious political leaders were revered and fighting foreign wars was considered good and patriotic thing to do. This made situation much easy for the imperialists and their local partners, the unscrupulous generals, to exploit and mess up everything including our most cherished heritage of being the only democratic Islamic country.  Now all the current and old supporters and facilitators of dictators are on the run everywhere and supporting dictatorships has become socially unacceptable.

 

A bit of comparison with the past clarifies the difference. When Gen Zia ruthlessly hanged Bhutto after a dubious trial, the reaction was a fraction of what we saw after BBs tragic assassination. Bhutto's assassination, or maybe we should call cold-blooded legal murder, was celebrated by many but BBs was condoled by all without exception. This despite the fact that in spite of BBs stature, Bhutto was still a greater leader, tells a lot about the progress of our collective wisdom and awareness. Our courts repeatedly yielded to the dictators who always extracted their much-needed legitimacy from them but now they are resisting. Scores of judges refused to legitimize the extra constitutional acts and are paying dearly for their beliefs. This very mature, dignified, bold and graceful behavior was unimaginable an year ago. 

 

Our judiciary is not alone in this tirade as it is being fully supported by the legal community and the civil society comprising of doctors, academics, engineers and people from all segments of society specially the media. Only yesterday I had the privilege of attending a meeting of civil society activists belonging to the socioeconomic class that was always blamed for its apathy and indifference towards national issues. These people are now willing to leave their comfortable surroundings to struggle for civil rights in a military dominated country fully aware of the risks involved for collective good. We see people young and octogenarians alike, struggling on streets and getting beaten who very well could have been beneficiaries of the dictatorships. This has acquired proportions where it has become nearly impossible to find someone talking favorably for the current dictator. Our civil society has certainly come a long way in realizing its national obligations.

 

Pakistanis were raised with a few myths crafted to serve the interests of some at the expense of the nation. The most damaging myth was that an enemy nation existed in the neighborhood justifying funneling of most national resources towards buying of arms neglecting the people. Then they were told that Russia is their enemy and wants to break Pakistan to reach the warm waters and it must be fought. Another established myth talked about an effective Islamic world and the Pakistan army being the army of this Islamic world. Then another popular myth was that bombs and weapons made a country strong so it was perfectly patriotic to make people suffer to get more lethal bombs. Fortunately all these destructory myths have been adequately exposed and hardly anyone is ready to buy them any more. This might have removed the most serious impediment to progress.

 

To succeed in any contest correct analysis of the rival is important and we can easily see major cracks in the ranks of undemocratic forces of Pakistan. Ambitious law and oath breaking generals could previously count on the unquestioned support of the bureaucracy. They also had a host of religious and other political parties fighting with to outdo each other in supporting them. Then the worst came from the judiciary whose support also went with the generals at the expense of the nation. Due to different reasons these unholy alliances are either totally broken down or are in shambles. This break in the oppressive forces has certainly weakened the undemocratic forces making the struggle for democracy and rights easier for the Pakistanis.

 

Then the biggest hope for Pakistan's future lies in its very talented exceptional people. These are the people who survived the most testing times in Pakistan and despite all the problems kept the country going against all odds. They could endure the worst kind of dictators and bigots and unlike the Arab dictatorships never gave in and kept on resisting. Whenever these brilliant incomparable Pakistanis got an opportunity they performed miracles weather in the field of sports, banking or building bombs. The top squash professionals were astonished to see the state of squash courts here and the number of top players we produced. Whenever these gifted people went abroad they always excelled despite the obvious deficiencies our criminal neglect of HRD imparts. We have all the reasons to be proud of them. The recent unfortunate developments like the close relations of our PM and Edhi being humiliated abroad has nearly shut the door closing the options to migrate forcing them to improve their own country. Now the options are straightforward; you can always buy an expensive ticket and get embarrassed in countries at your own expense or improve Pakistan. The choice is all too obvious.

 

To recount a few other blessings we have wonderful fertile land, rivers, seasons, mountains and everything a nation can wish making it potentially an affluent and desirable country. On top of all this its special strategic position puts it in a very advantageous position. By supplying energy to India from the Middle East or central Asia through its land Pakistan can earn more than what Egypt is earning from the Suez Canal. But wait a minute it can be used other way too. India, the second largest country and one of the fastest growing economies of the world needs a land route for supplying goods to the new oil rich central Asian states. And for this also it needs Pakistan, which can earn enormous income by taking advantage of its peculiar geography. Not many nations can be luckier. Fortunately this thought is spreading and support for fighting foreign wars for peanuts has nearly ended. Pakistan will never play a willing dispensable pawn again.

 

Despite these very hopeful signs everything will not be easy as the local beneficiaries of the rotten system or the foreign benefactors using Pakistan for peanuts would certainly resist. Although we have sufficiently learnt the importance of democracy and institutions, awareness of our criminal neglect of human resource appears to be inadequate. With the condition of education and health in Pakistan and the allocation of resources it might be time for the Pakistanis to make HRD their first priority after democracy. For this, extreme steps like major shift of resources might be needed. We must give a decent opportunity to our people to compete in this world which won't be possible without educating them well. All this can never be achieved without empowering our people by establishing true democracy because military dominated democracies only further complicate matters. Our dictators have systematically destroyed our political parties which have been unable to lead democratic movements. This inability forced the civil society in the lead role somewhat like the Palestinian intifada but still the political parties must rise and play their role.

 

Pakistanis will have to keep on struggling until they achieve the desired results. Nothing worthwhile is ever achieved without patience, labor and disappointment and we will need them too. This transition towards democracy and empowerment of people might be painful but it has to be endured. Only Pakistanis can fight and win this struggle for Pakistan as no one else can do it for them. They have to win, as they don't have options.

 

So we see there is hope for Pakistan and lots of it. Hope, the most desirable phenomenon, sees the invisible, feels the intangible and achieves the impossible. Hope is the anchor of the soul, the stimulus to action and incentive to achievement. You can't live on hope alone nor can you live without it. We might be well advised to listen to the pessimists to correctly assess our foes but being Muslims we should not lose hope. We must keep on struggling. Our destination is around the corner as we have successfully endured very tough times while maintaining our sanity and even humor. We have survived insurmountable hardships of many wars and now we will not let our will to survive get dented by a few local and foreign pessimists. Proud Pakistanis! Keep on struggling. Allah will help you in this noble endeavor of yours. No power in the world can deny these highly talented exceptional people their demands if they are sufficiently serious about them. Let us continue with our struggle for democracy and make Pakistan what it deserves to be; a peaceful and prosperous country.

 

LETTERS

 

*Now it is time to share & care with each other,  Eng. Mehmood, ksc687@yahoo.com


Kashmire brotherhood was a guideline for whole world but sorry to say Jag mohan & some immatured elements for their ill desires were involve to break this deep rooted relation.

 

It was the Muslim majority valley of Kashmir, where the spirit of ISLAM humanity was practiced even, when there was role of beasts before & after partition of India in 1947. Kashmire Muslims practiced the spirit of ISLAM via maintaining brotherhood. Ghandi G the real saint appreciate & confess this ray of light In the name of religion throughout this region humanity was swallowed by some miscrents. Such inhuman elements actually are itself burden for their community & will get punishment after death also. No body can justify the innocent killing.

 

As one main fundamental of Hinduism is AHANSA & the spirit of ISLAM is HUMANITY, how can any Hidu or Muslim can justify, if anyone among them is involve in innocent killing
wheather in Gujrat or
Kashmir. In Kashmir there are open traditions of brotherhood.

 

In many pious places of Muslims incharg for calling people are Pandits. Also in many Hindu pious places even at Amarnath pious Gopha Muslims are member of its managment. While going Amarnanth I am eye witness of such brotherhood,which we cant observe in any other country that while  carrying disable pilgram to Amar Nanth pious place by Muslims on their shoulders were saying LAELA HA EL ALLAH.


To describe this is untolerable for me as I cant control my tears that my Hindu sister Nancy refused to go with her bride till my arrival to her wedding function.My own blood sister failed to wait for me but my Pandit sister prefer me than her nears & dears.


Sorry & sorry I was at Delhi for treatment so failed to avoid detain her, even failed to be with solution with so many Pandit nears & dears .I do feel guilty though I contribute in detention & share with some Pandit brothers & sisters.


How can we deny this fact that in development of our Education & awarness there is vital role of Pandits,this realty I have mentioned in past also via print media & other sources also.


I do remember my Pandit teachers always provide me proper guideline & often used to visit my home for encourage.On my success in first division in matric respected Jawaher & Mehraj came my home for congrulations before my close relatives.


No doubt in addition to Jag Mohan there were & are some immature elements in both communities who only for their self desires are busy to break this brotherhood. Resulting mass migration of Pandits & many Muslims.


Only spirit of both religions & Kashmeryat can provide guideline to both communities to realise pain of eachother.For charging this brotherhood Pandits should plead the case of oppresed Muslims,who are continously victim of atrosties via In dian forces & other elements &
Muslims should realise the miserable condition of Pandits,who are in miserable condition in camps.Whose standard of life was high because of their education & geans.


Seperation of these two communities is itself part of problem for freedom struggle. As freedom struggle is againist occupied forces not with country men.


There are many Hindus in some areas of Pakistan living peacefully with all facalities even big tycoon businessmen Hindu in the capital of Pakistan Islamabad.And a large number of Muslims even well setteled Muslims with all facalities in all famious cities of India.

 

Now it is time to share & care with each other & arrange safe passage to migrants to their soil, as both religions especially ISLAM gives priorty to protection of minorties, also our National poet Mahjoors desire was………


NAI TREAYEA MEA THEYEO PAN WEAN

PUZ MUHBAT BEGREAYEA PAN WEAN

ZAT BUTRATH KASHREAN HINZ CHO UW KUNEA

KHAMA KHA DURAR MEA PEAYEU PAN WEAN

DUD CHOU MUSLIM HIND CHOU SHAKAR SAF SAF

DUD TEA BEA SHAKAR REALEAYEA PAN WEAN


BOOKS

*People Power and Protest Since 1945: A Bibliography of Nonviolent Action, compiled by April Carter, Howard Clark, and Michael Randle and published by Housmans Bookshop (Housmans, 5 Caledonian Road, Kings Cross, London NI 9DX, UK, 020-7837 4473, Fax 020-7278b0444, orders@housmans.com), 2006, ISBN 0 85283 262 1, 10 Pounds in Europe, and 12 Pounds or $18 outside Europe.

This annotated bibliography of almost 1000 itemized sources provides a guide a guide to recent campaigns as well as to the theory and practice of nonviolent action. The primary focus is on movements or protests since 1945, but sections also deal with Gandhi, classic writings on nonviolence, and surveys which refer to many earlier examples of nonviolent resistance.

The areas covered include mass popular resistance to oppression and rigged elections; peace, green, feminist and social justice movements expanding the repertoire of nonviolent action; and struggles by indigenous people, farmers, workers, unemployed and the homeless.

*Housmans Peace Diary 2008 with World Peace Directory, published by Housmans Bookshop (Housmans, 5 Caledonian Road, Kings Cross, London NI 9DX, UK, 020-7837 4473, Fax 020-7278b0444, orders@housmans.com), 2007, ISBN 978 0 85283 266 0, ISSN 0957-0136. 8.95 Pounds worldwide.

The Diary is in pocket format, with a week to a view, giving notable dates and anniversaries and weekly quotations. It includes calendars, a forward planner for 2009, space for notes and a special feature on the international nuclear disarmament movement.

The 55th edition lists almost 2000 national and international peace, environmental and human rights organizations in 150 countries.

*The Tribute to the Strugglers: Tuhfat al-Mujahidin, by Shaykh Zainuddin Makhdum (translated from Arabic by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar), 2006, Pages 139. Published by Islamic book Trust, Kuala Lumpur (www.ibtbooks.com) & Other Books,(otherbooks@post.com), P.B.No.620, 13/776, I Floor, New Way Building, Railway Link Road, Calicut-673002, Kerala,India. Ph: +91 495 2306808

 

Reviewed by Yoginder Sikand

 

The Tuhfat al-Mujahidin or ‘The Tribute to the Strugglers’ is one of the earliest extant historical treatises about the southern Indian state of Kerala. Its author, the sixteenth century's Shaikh Zainuddin Makhdum, hailed from the renowned Makhdum family from the town of Ponnani in Malabar, in northern Kerala. This family traced its descent to migrants from Yemen, who played a leading role in the spread of Islam in southern India.

 

Following in the footsteps of many of his forefathers, Shaikh Zainduddin rose to become a leading Islamic scholar. He spent ten years studying in Mecca, where he also joined the Qadri order of Sufism. On his return to his native Malabar, he spent almost four decades teaching at the central mosque in Ponnani, then a major centre for Islamic studies in southern India. He also served as the envoy of the Zamorins, the Hindu rulers of Calicut, to Egypt and Turkey.

 

The Tuhfat is one of Shaikh Zainuddin’s several works, and is the best known among them. A chronicle of the stiff resistance put up by the Muslims of Malabar against the Portuguese colonialists from 1498, when Vasco Da Gama arrived in Calicut, to 1583, it describes in considerable detail events, many of which that the author had himself witnessed and lived through. It was intended, as Shaikh Zainduddin says, as a means to exhort the Malabar Muslims to launch a struggle or jihad against the Portuguese invaders. The book thus extols the virtues of jihad against oppressors, and, at the same time, also provides fascinating details about the history of Islam in Malabar, the relations between Muslims and Hindus in the region and the customs and practices of both.

 

Islam’s first contact with India is said to have taken place in Malabar, and Shaikh Zainuddin offers a popularly-held account of this. He writes of how the Hindu ruler of Malabar, impressed with a group of Muslim pilgrims on their way to Ceylon, converted to Islam and accompanied them back to Arabia. There, shortly before he died, he instructed them to return to Malabar. They did as they were told, and the king’s governors welcomed them, allowing them to settle along the coast and establish mosques. Gradually, he writes, the Muslim community began expanding through the missionary efforts of Sufis and traders.

 

Relations between Muslims and the Hindus of Malabar, Shaikh Zainudin observes, were traditionally cordial. The rulers of Malabar, all Hindus, treated the Muslims with respect, one reason being that the Muslims played a vital role in the region’s economy because of their control of the trading routes linking Malabar to other lands by sea. Hindu rulers even paid salaries of the muezzins and qazis and allowed the Muslims to be governed in personal matters by their own laws. Hindus who converted to Islam were not harassed, and, even if they were of ‘low’ caste origin, were warmly welcomed into the Muslim community. This was probably one reason for the rapid spread of Islam in the region.

 

Shaikh Zainuddin’s observations about the Hindus of Malabar are remarkable for their sense of balance and sympathy. Of the Hindu rulers, he says, ‘There are some who are powerful and some comparatively weak. But the strong, as a matter of fact, will not attack or occupy the territory of the weak’. (This, Shaikh Zainuddin suggests, might be a result of the conversion of one of their kings, referred to earlier, to Islam ‘and of his supplications to this effect to God’). He also adds, ‘[The] people of Malabar are never treacherous in their wars’. At the same time, he notes with disapproval the deeply-rooted caste prejudices among the Malabari Hindus. So strict is the law of caste, he writes, that any violation of it results in excommunication, forcing the violator to convert to Islam or Christianity or become a yogi or mendicant or to be enslaved by the king. Even such a minor matter as a ‘high’ caste Hindu woman being hit by a stone thrown by a ‘low’ caste man causes her to lose caste. ‘How many such detestable customs!”, Shaikh Zainuddin remarks after recounting some of them. ‘Due to their ignorance and stupidity, they
strictly follow these customs, believing that it is their moral responsibility to uphold them’, he adds. ‘It was while they were living in these social conditions that the religion of Islam reached them by the grace of Allah’, he goes on, ‘[a]nd this was the main reason for their being easily attracted to Islam’.

 

Of all the Hindu rulers of Malabar, the most powerful, and also the most friendly towards the Muslims, were the Zamorins of Calicut, who claimed descent from the king who is said to have converted to Islam and died in Arabia. The Tuhfat describes how the Zamorins turned down bribes offered by the Portuguese to expel the Muslims, and of how they, along with Nair Hindu and Muslim forces, engaged in numerous battles with the Portuguese, who are said to have singled out the Muslims for attack and persecution.

 

Shaikh Zainuddin is at pains to note the contrast between the response of the Hindu Zamorins to the plight of the Malabar Muslims with that of several Muslim Sultans in other parts of India, who were approached for help in expelling the Portuguese. ‘The Muslim-friendly Zamorin’, he writes, ‘has been spending his wealth from the beginning’ for the protection of the Malabari Muslims from the depredations of the Portuguese. On the other hand, he rues, ‘The Muslim Sultans and Amirs—may Allah heighten the glory of the helpful among them—did not take any interest in the Muslims of Malabar’.

 

The Portuguese conquests, resulting in their wresting the monopoly over the Malabar spice trade from the Muslims, caused a rapid decline in Muslim fortunes, reducing the community to abject poverty. Shaikh Zainduddin describes the reign of terror unleashed on the Malabari Muslims, by the Portuguese, who were fired with a hatred of Islam and Muslims—indiscriminate killings of Muslims, rapes of Muslim women, forcible conversions of Muslims to Christianity, enslaving of hundreds of Muslims, destroying mosques and building churches in their place and setting alight Muslim shops and homes.

 

In appealing to the Malabari Muslims to launch jihad against the Portuguese, Shaikh Zainuddin makes clear that this struggle is purely a defensive one, directed at only the Portuguese interlopers and not the local Hindus or the Hindu Zamorins, for whom he expresses considerable respect. Nor is it, he suggests, a call to establish Muslim political supremacy and control. Jihad, then, for Shaikh Zaiuddin, was a morally just struggle to restore peace in Malabar and expel foreign occupiers, to return to a period when Muslims and Hindus in the region lived together in harmony.

 

This treatise is an indispensable source of Malabari history and would be invaluable to those interested in the history of Islam in South Asia. Much that Shaikh Zainuddin says with regard to the legitimacy of struggle against foreign occupation and oppression finds powerful echoes today.

 

*Fault Lines: Stories of 1971, Niaz Zaman & Asif Farrukhi (Eds), University Press, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2008 (distributed in Pakistan by Oxford University Press)


Fault Lines includes 37 stories from
Bangladesh and Pakistan. It also includes stories written in/ from USA, Britain and India related to the events of 1971.

 

This is probably the first time that stories from both sides of the divide are presented together and such a proposition is not without difficulties, as the introduction highlights. The stories from Pakistan include stories written in Urdu, English, Sindhi and Punjabi. The writers whose work is
selected include such prominent names as Intizar Husain, Masood Ashar, Asad Mohammed Khan, Hassan Manzar, Ibrahim Jalees, Masood Mufti, Amar Jaleel, Umme Umara, Saleem Akhtar, Tariq Rehman, and Ahmed Salim among others. The translators include Muhammad Salim
ur rahman, Durdana Soomro, Samina Rahman and Shah Mohammed Pirzada.


The stories from
Bangladesh include the work of Urdu writers Gholam Mohamed and Ahmed Saadi, voices often ignored or avoided. One of the most poignant stories for me is by Mohan Kalpana, the Sindhi writer, who was born in Karachi but migrated to India after 1947 and it is
from this perspective of shifting boundaries that he has written his story.


Apart from the hard work and trekking down of stories, the introduction was particularly difficult and painful to write. After much debate (some of it rather heated) Niaz Zaman and I decided to
write our separate versions. We understand that this book may rake up painful memories on both sides, but we hope that it does more than create controversies. We hope that there is debate and
discussion leading to a better understanding of not simply the political events but the stories of the people who were affected by the events.


As you can imagine this has been a tough going but a very interesting one, which has made me "read" 1971 again and try to look at it with a fresh or different perspective. (Asif Farrukhi)

 

*Communalism: Illustrated Primer, Ram Puniyani, (English, Hindi & Marathi), Pages 116.

 

The book deals with the phenomenon of sectarian violence and politics in India in a very lucid manner. The book is in the form of brief answers to the prevalent myths in a very simple style. It is richly illustrated with pictures, cartoons and tables. It gives a comprehensive view of the problem of communalism as being faced by the nation.