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ACHA PEACE BULLETIN

http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/ACHAPeaceBulletin

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A publication of Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA)

www.asiapeace.org  &  www.indiapakistanpeace.org

Editor:  Pritam K. Rohila, PhD           asiapeace@comcast.net

Subscription is free.

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Volume XII, No. 8: August 15, 2008, Next Issue, September 15, 2008

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CONTENTS

 

*India-Pakistan Peace Day 2008

 

AWARDS

*Mandela to receive Gandhi award

BOOKS

*Towards Freedom — Documents on the Movement for Independence in India, 1939

EVENT REPORTS

*August 6, 2008, Karachi, Pakistan. HIROSHIMA MEMORIAL VIGIL

*August 6, 2008, Mumbai, India: FUNERAL OF ATOM BOMB ON HIROSHIMA

EVENTS

*August 23 to 26, Agra U.P., India: SOUTH ASIAN FUNDRAISING WORKSHOP

*September 17-21, Caboolture to Brisbane, Australia: GANDHI AWARENESS PEACE

*September 26-October 2, Chandigarh, India: INDO-PAK STUDENTS PEACE CAMP

*October 4-7, Koach, Kerala, India: SPIRITUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT

*December 3-9, 2009, Melbourne, Australia: Parliament of the World’s

Religions

JOBS, INTERNSHIPS & VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS (FOR THE COMMON GOOD)

PEACE EDUCATION & TRAINING RESOURCES

PEACE & HARMONY NEWS FROM INDIA & PAKISTAN

PEACE & HARMONY NEWS FROM SOUTH ASIA

UPDATE: KASHMIR

UPDATE: PAKISTAN

UPDATE: SRI LANKA

*The three basic parameters for lasting peace, Jehan Perera August 10, 2008

 

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*India-Pakistan Peace Day 2008

Members and Directors of the Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA), urge people to organize India-Pakistan Peace Day 2008 everywhere, any day between the Pakistan’s Independence Day on August 14 and United Nations Day of Peace on September 21.

The theme for this year’s campaign will be “Peace in My Family, Harmony in My Neighborhood.”

The campaign will have the following two components:

1.     A Pledge of Peace & Harmony, and

2.     A Virtual Memorial for the Victims of the 1947 Partition-related Violence.

Details follow at the end of this note.

As a part of your India-Pakistan Peace Day 2008 celebration, please organize in your area a project, which is appropriate to the theme, “Peace in My Family, Harmony in My Neighborhood.”

Be sure to send to asiapeace@comcast.net  a brief report of your project, along with a couple of digital pictures. We will post them on www.indiapakistanpeace.org, one of our two websites.

You may wish to visit www.indiapakistanpeace.org for India-Pakistan Peace Day celebrations in previous years.

Please direct your questions, comments and concerns about our campaign to the undersigned at asiapeace@comcast.net.

Peace in My Family, Harmony in My Neighborhood

The motto, “Think Globally, Act Locally,” is very appropriate for promoting peace and harmony anywhere, but particularly in India and Pakistan.

In spite of occasional setbacks, increasing support, in recent years, by their peoples and governments of India and Pakistan, has led to steady improvement in the relationships between the two nations.

But the escalating domestic tensions threaten the integrity of each of the two countries and welfare of their peoples.

Therefore, “Peace in My Family, Harmony in My Neighborhood” appears to be a suitable theme for India-Pakistan Peace Day 2008 campaign.

Pledge of Peace & Harmony

Peace and harmony are not a spectator sport.

We cannot afford to sit on the sidelines and wait for someone else to do something to promote peace and harmony around us.

Instead each of us has to take a personal action in this regard.

The following Pledge will help you to make a personal commitment about peace and harmony in your life and around you.

I pledge that…

I will not use my hands or my words to harm anyone;

I will treat my sisters and daughters with at least as much love and respect as I treat my brothers and sons; and

I will treat all my neighbors as deserving of my respect, regardless of their class, caste, sect or religion.

Virtual Memorial for the Victims of India’s Partition in 1947

Our attempts to persuade the governments of India and Pakistan to build, at Wagah border-crossing,  a suitable JOINT memorial for ALL the innocent victims of the violence associated with India’s Partition in 1947, have not been successful, so far.

While waiting for the time when the governments of India and Pakistan will have the wisdom and the courage to make it happen, we have set up a virtual memorial for the victims on our website, www.indiapakistanpeace.org.

To honor the victims from your family, who lost their lives or suffered unnecessary hardship in the unconscionable Partition-related violence, we invite you and your friends to inscribe their names.

Also, if you know, please indicate the pre-Partition location of the victims. Do not forget to sign in your name, your current location, and a brief message, as well.

 

AWARDS

 

*Mandela to receive Gandhi award

http://www.capetimes.co.za:80/?fSectionId=308&fArticleId=vn20080718061303506C165916

 

The Mahatma Gandhi International Award for Reconciliation and Peace 2008 will be made to former president Nelson Mandela in Durban next week.


The honour will be bestowed in his absence at a function hosted by the Gandhi Development Trust (GDT) and Satyagraha - in pursuit of truth.


Paddy Kearney, a GDT trustee, said that in celebrating Madiba's 90th birthday, he would be honoured as an international figure whose contribution and sacrifice had touched the hearts of millions of South Africans and people across the world.


"We thought it would be an ideal way to celebrate his 90th birthday and thank him for his tremendous contribution to our democracy," he said. "We hoped that Mandela would attend the event and collect his award. However, Ahmed Kathrada will receive it on his behalf."


Mandela had said on many occasions that Gandhi had a great influence on him.


"The former president was chosen because of his remarkable peacemaking skills, which have benefited millions of people. Through his negotiated settlement, he brought about peace in
South Africa by non-violent means," said Kearney.


"The main purpose of creating this award is to maintain awareness of the peace efforts that Gandhi made, and to highlight individuals who are continuing similar work," said
Kearney.


The Mahatma Gandhi International Award for Reconciliation and Peace was created in 2003 in celebration of the centenary of Gandhi's first newspaper, Indian Opinion. The award is presented to personalities who have contributed towards reconciliation and peace.

 

BOOKS

*Towards Freedom — Documents on the Movement for Independence in India, 1939 Part I, Mushirul Hasan (Ed), Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110001. Rs. 3950.

Review, “Anti-colonial resistance”, by Suranjan Das, The Hindu, August 5, 2008 http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/br/2008/08/05/stories/2008080550031400.htm

This publication on 1939 is a part of the Indian Council of Historical Research’s (ICHR) “Towards Freedom” project to correct the perception that India’s decolonisation was merely “alteration of constitutional relations.” Relying on records available in India and vernacular sources, the project proposes recapturing of Congress-led mainstream nationalism and contemporaneous protest politics — developing either around or parallel to it — which made India’s freedom inevitable. Edited by Mushirul Hasan with his remarkable historical hindsight, the volume under review eminently fulfils this mission.

Congress ministries, formed in eight of the 11 provinces following the 1937 elections, “worked purposefully.” But they also broke their public promises. Documents in the first chapter sharply demonstrate this dialectics. The anti-labour Industrial Disputes Bill in Bombay, non-introduction of land reforms in Madras, Orissa and Bihar, suppression of peasant protests in colonial style, insufficient progress in local self-government, “faltering action” on prohibition and untouchability — these betrayed popular expectations in Congress ministries. The period even coincided with communal discord. Maulana Sajjad’s letter to the Congress Working Committee is extremely revealing in understanding why “majority Muslims” developed an “aversion for the Congress.”

Anti-imperialist temper

The second chapter addresses the Congress’s dilemma on the Second World War, best expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru: “… we … do not want a fascist victory. (But) to support British imperialism is … wrong … for the country is dominated by that imperialism.” The unilateral British declaration of Indian participation for the Allies in the Second World War, and curtailment of the powers of the provincial governments to pursue war efforts made resignation of Congress ministries unavoidable. Socialists like Lohia offered an international perspective for opposing the war: “What use will internal freedom be to the Indian people if it compels them to send their armies to defend the British Empire in Africa or Arabia or Malaya.” But Congress conservatives like Rajagopalachari remained averse to the anti-war declaration, while Savarkar implored the British to “turn to the Hindus and work their support.”

The volume presents interesting papers on the Tripuri episode. Hasan also documents the “Left consolidation” by the Forward Bloc, socialists and the communists to achieve national unity and intensify freedom struggle. P.C. Joshi’s assertion that “No amount of repression could kill our movement” found expression in anti-imperialist temper of Madras, Bihar, Sind, the Central Provinces, the Punjab, Bengal and Assam. Swathantra Bharat captured the recalcitrant mood: “Not even one man should go into the English army. Not even a pie should be given to the English Government.” Unfortunately, the Viceroy utilised the Muslim question to counteract the nationalist affront, enabling Jinnah to bounce back after his 1937 electoral debacle to “spearhead” the Pakistan movement. But there were dissenting Muslim voices aptly reflected in Jamiyat al-Ulema’s leaflet, urging the Muslims to fight British imperialism to uphold their “self-respect and dignity.” This Muslim “nationalist conscience”, however, lay untapped by mainstream nationalism.

Peasant movement

The third chapter is concerned with the people’s movement in princely states that gained momentum due to Nehru-led Congress, Left pressure and a grass-roots, anti-feudal and anti-imperialist sentiment in these “sanctuaries.” Perhaps the prospect of a federal government having representatives from princely states also induced the Congress leadership to bring these regions within its political orbit. Evidence is cited on inter-linkage between State People’s Freedom Movement and mainstream nationalism, a theme yet to receive adequate scholarly attention. The end of princely autocracy was popularly foreseen, a feeling expressed by Vartman: “The lamp glows brighter when it is about to be extinguished.”

Utilising hardly accessible journals, Kisan Sabha organisational reports, writings of agitation leaders and rare official papers, the volume’s last part uncovers a rich “composite picture” of the surging peasant movement. Mobilising the peasantry on “nazrana”, “bedakhli”, “abwab” and colonial encroachment on the peasant world, the All India Kisan Sabha became in P.C. Joshi’s words, “the second biggest mass organisation … after the National Congress.” We have references to both a 40,000-strong-peasant gathering and secret peasant conferences. Women “thronged” Kisan conferences; they were prominent in hunger marches. Gandhiji prayed for the peasantry’s ability “to stand more fiery ordeals.” Interestingly, this peasant outburst evoked support from American observers. Not all within the Congress welcomed the peasant assertion. Sitaramayya thus accused the “Socialists of inciting the poor peasant folk to violence.” Again, alarmed by peasant restlessness, some landlords proposed a “Settlement between Congress and Zamindars.” Kisan Sabhas resented their inability to initiate satyagrahas without provincial Congress Committee’s permission. The Congress High Command even attempted marginalisation of Leftists like Jayaprakash Narayan and Sahajanand Saraswati when they crossed the Gandhian limits. This strategy fitted well with Gandhiji’s technique of “discipline and mobilise.”

Betrayal

Hasan’s documentation unfolds the criticality of 1939 in the trajectory of the Indian freedom movement. The British betrayal of the Indian cause in its war efforts, the immature termination of “the Congress attempt of governance” and subsequent growth of political radicalism, the state people’s uprising, and the peasant protest — these presaged a tide of anti-imperialism which culminated in the Quit India Movement.

The volume provides new insights to historians grappling with the nature of the dialectical relationship between Congress nationalism and popular protest politics, and causes of the Congress failure to provide adequate space to the anti-imperialist and democratic segment of Muslim opinion which, if ensured, might have averted the Partition.

A judicious collation of documents, careful footnoting of personalities, events and places, and a helpful index have made this collection the model of a documentary volume. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya’s incisive preface imparts an additional value to it. The publisher deserves credit for a neat publication.

EVENT REPORTS

*August 6, 2008, Karachi, Pakistan. HIROSHIMA MEMORIAL VIGIL. To remember the martyrs of Hiroshima, Pakistan Peace Coalition and Human Rights Commission of Pakistan jointly organized a candle light vigil at Karachi Press Club. Social and political activists, including Karamat Ali, Asad Iqbal Butt, Farhat Parveen, Shaista, Adam Malik, Mir Zulfiqar, Shamasdin, Abdul hayee, lit the candles and raised slogans against imperialism and atomic weapons.


Sixty three years ago on
Monday, August 6, 1945, the nuclear weapon 'Little Boy' was dropped on Hiroshima by the crew of the American B-29 bomber 'Enola Gay', directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000-140,000. Approximately 69% of the city's buildings were completely destroyed, out of those 6.6% severely damaged. Research about the effects of the attack was restricted under Allied occupation, and information censored until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, restoring the control to the Japanese. (Report submitted by Adam Malik adamkhan_2000@yahoo.com)

 

*August 6, 2008, Mumbai, India: FUNERAL OF ATOM BOMB ON HIROSHIMA DAY was organized by NSS Units of SNDT & Mumbai University, Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal and Hindustani Prachar Sabha. About 2400 students from 57 colleges, social activists, and peace-loving citizens in the city participated in the Funeral today to mark the anniversary of the devastation of Hiroshima with a deadly atomic attack by America during World War II & to join hands with the people of the world to make a nuclear-free world.

 

The devastation had such an effect that lakhs were killed in the atom bombing leaving several thousands crippled. The after effects of the bombing and radiation claimed over three lakhs lives over the years.

 

The funeral started from Azad Maidan and concluded at Hutatma Chowk where a Pledge was taken by 2400 participants to work for peace & a nuclear-free world. The students were carrying play-cards and banners depicting slogans like “No More Hiroshima”, and “We want bread, education and job; Not bombs”. Dr. P. N. Pabrekar, SLO, NSS Cell, Govt. of Maharashtra and Prof. Arun Salunke, NSS Co-ordinator, University of Mumbai administrated the Pledge.

Poster Exhibition about the devastation and screening of the film ‘A Mother’s Prayer’ on Hiroshima in various colleges of Mumbai were organized before 6th August to aware the students about the effects of nuclear bomb.

See the video of Peace Rally on http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=_LbbsZG4YR8

EVENTS

*August 23 to 26, Agra U.P., India: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SOUTH ASIAN FUNDRAISING WORKSHOP (SAFRW). The South Asian Fund Raising Group (SAFRG), India and PAIMAN (Pakistan) are organizing this workshop at Jaypee Palace, Hotel & Convention Centre, Agra, for leaders and fundraisers of non-profit organisations from all over Asia on the theme of "Building Relationships for Sustainability". The workshop will provide a unique opportunity for the international community to exchange ideas and develop a common vision and strategy of resource mobilization for fund raising on sustainable basis. For details visit www.safrg.org

 

*September 17-21, Caboolture to Brisbane, Australia: GANDHI AWARENESS PEACE WALK, for creating an awareness about Mahatma Gandhi and his message is being organized

by an Australian Gandhian, Garwin Brown. The walk will start from Caboolture and end at Brisbane. The distance of 73 km will be covered in 5 days. In between, they will interact with school and college students and some media people. Their ‘walking song’ will be ‘Raghupati Raghav…’ People from different parts of the world will join the walk. Three Indians from Parijat Academy will also participate in the event.

 

Garwin Brown was born on 9th May 1928 in New Zealand. At the young age, he was inspired by Gandhiji’s work for poor and under-privileged. Later, he read Louis Fischer’s ‘Gandhi, his life and message for world’ and dedicated his life in propagating Gandhian thoughts.

 

*September 26-October 2, Chandigarh, India: 3RD ANNUAL INDO-PAK STUDENTS PEACE CAMP, to promote peace between Pakistan and India, is being organized at Chandigarh, by CYDA, the Centre for Youth  Development and Activities, Sadikabad, Pakistan (www.cydapakistan.org). Intended for youth of age 15-26, the program will include a number of mixed group activities and excursion trips in and around Chandigarh.

Registration must be completed by July 10. To request a registration application and additional info contact info@cydapakistan.org.  A welcome pack with more details will be sent to the applicants upon confirmation of their registration.

*October 4-7, Koach, Kerala, India: SPIRITUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT is theme of the World Fellowship of Inter-Religious Councils (WFIRC) Assembly 2008, at the Renewal  Centre,Azad Road, Koach-682017 in Kerala, India. Registration fee is Rs. 500 to meet the expenses, in part, of boarding and lodging. More info from Justice P.K.Shamsuddin, President WFIRC, S.R.M.Road, Kochi-682018, Kerala, India, Tel. 0484- 02993/9446572993, pkshamsuddin@rediffmail.com, and Fr. Albert Nambiaparambil cmi,           Secretary General,  WFIRC, Upasana,Thodupuzha-685 584, Kerala, India, Tel 04862-223286/9446131173, upasanadr@dataone.in & Upasana_dr@satyam.net.in   

 

*December 3-9, 2009, Melbourne, Australia: The 2009 Parliament of the World’s Religions, will bring together the world’s religious and spiritual communities, their leaders and their followers to a gathering where peace, diversity and sustainability are discussed and explored in the context of interreligious understanding and cooperation.

Parliament participants will work with others and within their own traditions to craft faithful responses to:

  • indigenous reconciliation
  • global poverty and global warming
  • environmental care and degradation
  • education of the young and the challenges of social disengagement
  • voluntary and forced migration
  • artistic expression and spirituality
  • the value of sports
  • ethnic and religious tensions.

More info from http://www.parliamentofreligions2009.org/home.php

JOBS, INTERNSHIPS & VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS (FOR THE COMMON GOOD)

http://www.graduationpledge.org/jobs.html

EDUCATION & TRAINING RESOURCES http://www.psysr.org/about/committees/peace_education/

Achieving a culture of peace requires developing peaceful people. Peace education, broadly defined, includes all efforts to facilitate development of peaceful people. Peace education often takes place in schools, churches, families, community learning centers, counseling centers, clinics, prisons, and the workplace. Of course, it may occur anywhere, and the learners may be anyone--including young children, graduate students, United Nations peacekeepers, and police officers.

Global peace education includes international studies, holocaust studies, and nuclear education. Conflict resolution programs teach about mediation, negotiation, and communication skills. Violence prevention programs emphasize domestic violence, drug abuse, anger management, and teaching tolerance. Development education includes human rights education, environmental studies, and an emphasis on power and resource inequities and structural violence. Nonviolence education is based on the ideas of Gandhi, King, and other great peacemakers.

PsySR's Peace Education Action Committee works to promote peace education in a variety of settings, with a particular focus on the psychological aspects of peace and conflict. Read More »

Graduate Programs in Peace Psychology

Information about such graduate programs is available HERE.

"Us & Them": PsySR's Presenter's Manual for Moderating Group Conflict

Written by Stephen Fabick and based on a project of the Michigan Chapter of PsySR, this Presenter's Manual provides tools for intervention before intergroup prejudice and tensions erupt into violence. The program it describes is applicable to an array of problems including religious intolerance, racial tension, ethnic turmoil, and community divisiveness.

Two Important PsySR Manuals: "Dismantling the Mask of Enmity" and "Enemy Images"

These two manuals were prepared by PsySR a decade and a half apart. Both the Cold War era Dismantling the Mask of Enmity and the Gulf War era Enemy Images remain timely in describing how to dismantle images that limit our thinking about security and that fuel tensions and wars.

A Graduate Level Curriculum For Trauma Intervention and Conflict Resolution

This Graduate Level Curriculum for trauma intervention and conflict resolution in ethnopolitical warfare was prepared by a joint task force of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations. PsySR served as the secretariat for this important project.

Links and Resources to Learn More and Take Action

The Peace Education Action Committee has prepared extensive links and resources for teaching peace at the K-12 levels (HERE) and at the college level (HERE). Recommendations of additions to these lists are welcome.

PEACE & HARMONY NEWS FROM INDIA & PAKISTAN

*http://groups.yahoo.com/group/IndiaPakistanPeaceDay/

PEACE & HARMONY NEWS FROM SOUTH ASIA

*http://groups.google.com/group/peace--harmony-news-from-south-asia

 

UPDATE: KASHMIR

*http://groups.yahoo.com/group/KashmirSolutionsForum/

UPDATE: PAKISTAN

*Beena Sarwar updates http://groups.yahoo.com/group/beena-issues/  

*http://www.teeth.com.pk/blog/ 

UPDATE: SRI LANKA

*The three basic parameters for lasting peace, Jehan Perera jehanpc@sltnet.lk (Executive Director, National Peace Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo), August 10, 2008

 

The Sri Lankan government’s ultimatum to all deserters from the armed forces to return to duty is one indication of the stresses that exist in society due to the ongoing war which is gaining in intensity in the north of the country.  As the army advances deeper into LTTE controlled territory there is a greater need for larger numbers of troops to be deployed to secure the newly captured areas.  The government needs to ensure that the LTTE will not infiltrate back into those areas even in small numbers, as these can harass and overrun small detachments of troops.  Securing the territory is going to be a bigger problem in the north than it was in the east.

 
The difficulty that the army will be facing in the north is the mono-ethnic nature of the community located there, which is one hundred percent Tamil, as against the east, which is multi ethnic, and with a majority that is non-Tamil.  Some parts of the north that have been recaptured were lost to the government some two decades ago. The problem of communication and getting information regarding LTTE movements from the community will be more difficult in view of the communication barriers between the Sinhala-speaking government forces and the Tamil-speaking population. 


Another difficulty that the Sri Lankan army will face as it progresses deeper into LTTE-held territory is that the LTTE’s own resistance is likely to grow stronger.  This again will be unlike the situation that existed in the east, where the LTTE cadre did not resist to the last man but withdrew from the battle.  When it came to the east, the LTTE leadership appears to have decided that discretion was the better part of valour and their cadre would be better utilized by redeploying them to defend in the north, rather than to fight to keep hold of the east.

 
On the other hand, when it comes to resisting the incoming Sri Lankan army in the north, the LTTE cadre will have nowhere else to go.  This suggests that they will fight very hard to keep the Sri Lankan army from overrunning the entirety of the
northern territory they control.  As the Sri Lankan army’s lines of communication get stretched with the need to defend more and more territory that is being captured, the LTTE lines of communication will grow tighter and their resistance greater.  The reports of high casualties in the recent battles in the north suggest that the LTTE is still not collapsing under pressure.

 
Humanitarian Crisis

 
There are also stresses in society due to the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the northern war zones.  Tens of thousands of people living in those areas have been displaced from their villages and homes. As the Sri Lankan army advances more and more areas are coming within range of the army’s long range artillery.  The alleged artillery attack on Mullaitivu town, and damage to civilian infrastructure and persons which the military spokesperson has denied, is a sign of things to come.  The LTTE’s own strategy of setting up their camps in the vicinity of civilian settlements is likely to have collateral implications on the civilian population.

 
Reports from humanitarian agencies working in the north indicate that they cannot meet the demand for emergency shelter, water and sanitation to meet the needs of the rapidly growing displaced population. More than 50,000 persons were reported displaced in the month of July alone.  They join the ranks of those displaced by earlier phases of war and the tsunami.  Unfortunately, it appears that the humanitarian organizations are lacking in capacity to deal with this crisis, in part due to the restrictions that the government has placed upon them.

 
The government’s legitimate concern would be that the LTTE will take a part or most of the supplies brought in by the humanitarian organizations for its own use, and to further strengthen its war machine.  This may explain the restrictions on a host of materials, including cement, water pumps and fuel into the LTTE controlled territories.  The government has recently been producing evidence to show that equipment and relief items sent in by humanitarian organizations have ended up in LTTE camps.

 
However, the welfare of Sri Lankan citizens ought not to be subordinated to military necessities.  In an appeal to the government, the Bishop of Mannar, Rayappu Joseph, has given a first hand account of the plight of the people. He has referred to the displaced persons from his diocese of Mannar, whom he reports as mostly staying by the side of roads and in the adjoining jungles without adequate food, shelter, medicine and other basic needs.  He has reported that the whole region is on the move, and that the worst affected in this situation are the children, women and elderly. 
 
As a response to this humanitarian crisis, the Bishop has requested the government to spell out its plan for the safety and security of its citizens in the north.  In the absence of any governmental initiative he has proposed that urgent action be taken to permit humanitarian organizations with access to these areas.  He has also proposed the establishment of No Conflict Zones in each of the three northern districts affected by the present fighting. 

 
Lasting Peace

 
Unfortunately, the pleas of Bishop Joseph and those of a similar persuasion are unlikely to fall on receptive ears at the present time.  This is because military imperatives have taken priority and the government is unlikely to do anything that can jeopardize its military effort.  The chosen logic of both the government and LTTE, and their respective supporters, is that the war will be the foundation for a future solution.  While the government seeks a total military victory, the LTTE resists being defeated. It is aiming for a situation of hurting stalemate as occurred in the period 1999-2001 which paved the way for the ceasefire of 2002.  The underlying belief of both sides is that the ground situation, rather than justice and fairness, will determine the political outcome.
 
The values of democracy necessarily take a back seat in the face of this logic of war.  In the LTTE controlled areas there is no democracy at all and in the government controlled areas a National Security State has come to the fore.  This accounts for the frequent road closures, restrictions on parking, night time search operations of homes and unknown groups who supposedly operate with impunity in white vans.  Accompanying these violations of the rule of law and democracy are regular reports from the government indicating that final victory is imminent.  In these circumstances those who publicly challenge or criticize the logic of war and propose an alternative course of action, are castigated as traitors.

 
One of those who have taken a public stand on the issue of war and human rights violations has been the veteran social activist, Fr Tissa Balasuriya.  A statement drafted by him has called for a southern consensus between the government and opposition, specially by the Government and the Opposition for a constitutionally guaranteed sharing of power within a United Sri Lanka, to be accompanied by a ceasefire monitored by international observers, with provision for the LTTE and the other Tamil and Muslim political parties also to share democratically in the administration of the North and East, and for the All Party Representatives Conference to include the TNA and be a body to work out the modalities of the ceasefire, and the constitutional reforms.
 
An initial draft of this statement met with considerable support from Tamils, including expatriates. At the same time the statement was strongly condemned by many Sinhalese, especially by those living abroad, who saw it as a conspiracy to keep the LTTE from being militarily defeated.  When a subsequent draft of the statement included a reference to a commitment to lay down arms by the LTTE, the Tamil support dropped.  The response to Fr Balasuriya’s statement shows how on both sides of the ethnic divide the belief in the armed struggle continues to retain its hold.  But this is the path to endless war and suffering, which Sri Lanka needs to get off if it is to prosper. A united country, a federal based political solution implemented by the government and the laying down of arms by the LTTE are the three basic parameters for lasting peace.