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ACHA PEACE BULLETIN

http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/ACHAPeaceBulletin

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A publication of Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA)

 www.asiapeace.org  &  www.indiapakistanpeace.org

 

Editor:  Pritam K. Rohila, PhD           asiapeace@comcast.net

 

Subscription is free.

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Volume XI, No. 10, October 15, 2007, Next Issue, November 15, 2007

The issue is late due to Editor’s vacation

______________________________________________________________________________

CONTENTS

 

EDITORIAL

*Hands and Words are Not for Hurting, Pritam K. Rohila, Ph. D., Oct 15, 2007

GUEST EDITORIAL

*Saving the Siachen Glacier, Pavan Nair pavannair@vsnl.net October 16, 2007

BOOKS

*Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution, Saleem H. Ali (Ed), 2007,

*Commingling of Two Oceans: Majma ul-Bahrain, M. Dara Shikoh, 2006

CONTESTS

*Atlas's 2007 Ibn-Khaldoun Essay Contest

PEACE & HARMONY EVENTS

*November 8-11, Toronto, Canada: ETHICS AND GLOBAL PEACE  

*December 1-2, Islamabad, Pakistan: INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS

PEACE & HARMONY REPORTS

*October2, Chandigarh, Punjab, India: II INDO-PAK PEACE CAMP

PEACE & HARMONY EDUCATION & TRAINING

*December 23-25, Rajsamand, Rajasthan, India: INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUES ON CHALLENGES OF VIOLENCE, HUNGER AND POVERTY *December 26-28, Rajsamand, Rajasthan, India: 1ST INT. NONVIOLENCE TRG

SRI LANKA UPDATE

                                    *Supreme court could show the way out of human rights imbroglio, Jehan Perera

______________________________________________________________________________

 

EDITORIAL

 

*Hands and Words are Not for Hurting, Pritam K. Rohila, Ph. D., October 15, 2007

 

Hands and Words are Not for Hurting is a a grassroots effort that was initiated ten years ago by Ann S. Kelly of Salem, Oregon, U.S.A, to end abuse and violence in homes, schools, and communities. It has since expanded to many communities throughout the United States and beyond.

 

In Salem area the program is supported by the local school district. The district’s Prevention Department provides curriculum which is designed to teach social skills in empathy, impulse control , conflict resolution and peace-making to students at all grade levels.

 

Children in kindergarten through 8th grade learn how to recognize and understand feelings. They are taught how to make positive and effective choices, and to keep anger from escalating into violence.

 

Children in grades 3 through 5 are trained in skills needed to build respectful and healthy peer relationships. The focus is on friendship skills and assertive communication.

 

Middle school children learn how to change attitudes and behaviors that may lead to violence. They are helped to develop problem-solving skills and new ways of thinking about how they might respond to conflict in roles as aggressors, victims and bystanders.

 

High school students are taught skills how conflicts can become violent situations. They learn about the impact of violence on perpetrators, victims and communities, how to manage conflicts, maintain personal safety, deal effectively with sexual harassment and abusive relationships, and identify resources available to help prevent and avoid violence.

 

The central feature of the program requires each child to take a pledge: “I will not use my hands or words for hurting myself or others.”

 

While taking the pledge each child is asked to draw or trace his/her own hands on purple paper and sign his name and age.

 

The purple hands are then displayed in each school together with critical messages of nonviolence.

 

The display serves as a visual reminder of each child’s personal commitment to stop and think before saying or doing anything hurtful.

 

The essential message is: “Anger is a feeling, violence is always a choice.”

 

 

More information about the program is available on the Hands Project website www.handsproject.org

 

GUEST EDITORIAL

 

*Saving the Siachen Glacier, Pavan Nair pavannair@vsnl.net October 16, 2007

 

That global warming is causing glaciers to recede is an established fact. Several studies in Greenland and the arctic region and in the Himalyas have established that the rate of recession over the past few decades has accelerated. There is a possibility that over the next two or three decades, several prominent himalyan glaciers may disappear. The effects of such an event are well known. In South Asia where water is already scarce, the major area of concern is water distress. Floods unfortunately are already an annual feature though their intensity is likely to increase. In this connection it is worth considering the effect of the military occupation of the Siachen Glacier in the East Karakoram range.

 

The Siachen Glacier is the largest glacier outside the polar regions and is sometimes referred to as the Third Pole. It is the largest reserve of fresh water in Asia and feeds the Nubra River which joins the Shyok and ultimately the Indus which flows through Pakistan. It is seventy kilometers long and five to six kilometers wide. Due to high precipitation which reaches about thirty five feet annually, most of it in winter, the mass balance of the Glacier has been maintained over the past several centuries. However like other glaciers, the effect of warming has caused a major change and the snout of the Glacier has been receding for several years. No detailed study has so far been carried out on either the height or the recession of the Glacier.

 

In 1984, Indian soldiers occupied the Saltoro Ridge which forms the western watershed running along the Glacier. Pakistan also deployed troops to face Indian positions. Within a few years the force levels on both sides escalated to an infantry brigade each with support troops. Several pitched battles were fought and artillery fire was exchanged over two decades till November 2003 when a ceasefire took effect. Both countries have agreed in principle to withdraw troops as the conditions are very hostile and most of the casualties numbering several thousands on both sides have been caused by the effect of the altitude and weather. Several rounds of talks have taken place since 1989 however there has been no progress.

 

It is estimated that a total of about seven thousand men are still deployed on both sides of the line. All of them are not on the Glacier but are either in the Nubra and Shyok Valleys on the Indian side or on the western slopes of Saltoro Ridge or in the Dansam region on the Pakistani side. These valleys are at about thirteen thousand feet and the posts occupied by soldiers vary from fifteen to twenty thousand feet. Most of these posts are supported by helicopters. The evening temperatures in summer are below freezing so there is a constant need to burn kerosene to keep warm. On the Indian side there are two major bases on or in the vicinity of the Glacier. The base camp is located at the Snout of the Glacier and there is an advanced base about fifty kilometers away on the Glacier proper. There is also an airfield in the Shyok Valley on which transport jets can land. On the Pakistan side the western slopes are the source of several minor glaciers which flow towards the Shyok and Indus. I have estimated that over fifty tons of kerosene, diesel and avaiation fuel are burnt every day for warming and cooking purposes on both sides of the line. This includes the fuel required to transport the kerosene to the various camps and posts by vehicles and helicopters. This translates to a hundred and fifty tons of carbon-di-oxide. The advance base on the Glacier smells of kerosene and sewage. Most of the human waste generated does not degrade due to low temperatures. Thus there is not only a large carbon footprint which has been generated over the last twenty three years but also a large amount of heat is directly absorbed in the atmosphere in the vicinity of the Glacier or on the Glacier directly. In addition large quantities of garbage, military junk, waste food, spent ammunition and shells lie buried in the depths of the Glacier. It is also known that a few hundred soldier's remains lie frozen in crevasses and under the many avalanches which are common in the region. All this alongwith the constant flights of helicopters and jets is a recipe for an ecological disaster. The Shyok Valley is also the home of the twin hump camel. Anyone flying in a helicopter can see them running for cover which does not exist. In fact the disaster has already happened. The army is trying to do what it can to keep the area clean but it is their very presence which has caused the problem.

 

There is an urgent need to demilitarise the region. Maybe the IPCC and its Chairman Dr RK Pachauri of recent Nobel prize fame will push both governments to see sense. Each day matters. If there was ever a case for a campaign to save the environment, then this is it.

 

BOOKS

 

*Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution, Saleem H. Ali (Ed), MIT Press, 2007,
432 Pages, ISBN-10: 0-262-51198-3; ISBN-13: 978-0-262-51198-8, $29.00/£18.95 (Paper)
http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11250

 

Although the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to a Kenyan environmentalist, few have considered whether environmental conservation can contribute to peace-building in conflict zones. Peace Parks explores this question, examining the ways in which environmental cooperation in multijurisdictional conservation areas may help resolve political and territorial conflicts. Its analyses and case studies of transboundary peace parks focus on how the sharing of physical space and management responsibilities can build and sustain peace among countries.

 

The book examines the roles played by governments, the military, civil society, scientists, and conservationists, and their effects on both the ecological management and the potential for peace-building in these areas.


Following a historical and theoretical overview that explores economic, political, and social theories that support the concept of peace parks, and discussion of bioregional management for science and economic development, the book presents case studies of existing parks and proposals for future parks. After describing such real-life examples as the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor in Africa and the Emerald Triangle conservation zone in Indochina, the book looks to the future, exploring the peace-building potential of envisioned parks in security-intensive spots including the U.S.-Mexican border, the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea, and the Mesopotamian marshlands between Iraq and Iran.

 

One chapter is devoted to resolving the Siachen dispute. It is coauthored by Air Marshall (retd) Nanda Cariappa.

 

With contributors from a variety of disciplines and diverse geographic regions, Peace Parks is not only a groundbreaking book in International Relations but a valuable resource for policy makers and environmentalists.


Saleem H. Ali, the books’ editor, is Associate Professor of Environmental Planning at the Rubenstein School of Natural Resources at the
University of Vermont and holds adjunct faculty appointments at Brown University and the United Nations mandated University for Peace. He is the author of Mining: The Environment and Indigenous Development Conflicts. He can be reached at Saleem.Ali@uvm.edu

 

According to Dr. Ali, any royalties that may accrue from the book will go for conservation causes worldwide.

 

*Commingling of Two Oceans: Majma ul-Bahrain, Mohammad Dara Shikoh, Hope India Publications, Gurgaon, India, 176 Pages, 2006, Rs. 250

http://hopeindiapublications.com/product_info.php?cPath=153&products_id=213&osCsid=9b94c756e65199082546ba16a408b1da" \t "_blank


Reviewed by Yoginder Sikand


Sufism, or Islamic mysticism, provides rich resources for developing theologies of inter-faith dialogue and solidarity, an urgent necessity in today's world where talk of a global 'clash of civilisations' threatens to become a frightening reality. In this regard, the works of numerous Indian Sufis is particularly significant because they lived and wrote in a multi-religious context, addressing and attracting people of different faiths—Muslims, Hindus and others. Some of them developed understandings of Islam and other faiths that went beyond narrowly constructed communal boundaries, defying the empty and soulless ritualism that served to divide communities from each other.

 

Of the various Indian Sufi treatises of this sort, perhaps the best-known work is the  Majma al-Bahrain', or 'The Commingling of the Two Oceans', by Muhammad Dara Shikoh, eldest son of the great Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan, and heir apparent to his throne.

 

The 'two oceans' referred to in the title of the book denote Islamic Sufism, on the one hand, and the Vedantic thought as contained in the Upanishadic tests of the Hindu tradition. As the title suggests, Dara sought to argue that, essentially, the two were the same thing, although bearing different names. In this way, he sought to craft an innovative approach to inter-faith relations, and one that can provide interesting ideas for similar efforts in our own time.

 

The English translation of this work has long been out of print, and Hope India Publications, an upcoming publisher based in Gurgaon, deserve our special thanks
for bringing it out, and that, too, at a fairly affordable price.

 

The Majma al-Bahrain is best understood in the context of Dara's own life. Like any other Mughal prince, Dara's early education was entrusted to ulema of high calibre, who taught him the Holy Qur'an, Persian poetry and Sufi treatises. In his youth, Dara came
into contact with numerous Muslim and Hindu mystics, some of whom exercised a profound influence on him.

 

The most noted among these was Miyan Mir, a Qadri Sufi of Lahore whose disciple he later became, and who is best remembered for having laid the foundation-stone of the Golden Temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar.

 

Dara's close and friendly refations with Muslim and Hindu mystics led him to seek to explore what both systems of mysticism had in common. Accordingly, he set about learning Sanskrit and, with the help of the Pandits of Benaras, made a Persian translation of the Upanishads, which was later followed by his Persian renderings of the Gita and the Yoga Vasishta.

 

Throughout this endeavour, his fundamental concern was the quest for the discovery of the Unity of God, or tauhid as it is known in Islam.

 

Dara expresses this concern in his Persian translation of the Upanishads, the Sirr-i-Akbar ('The Great Secret') thus: And whereas I was impressed with a longing to behold the Gnostic doctrines of every sect and to hear their lofty expressions of monotheism and had cast my eyes upon many  theological books and had been a follower thereof for many years, my passion for beholding the Unity [of God], which is a boundless ocean, increased every moment Thereafter, I began to ponder as to why the discussion of monotheism is so conspicuous in India and why the Indian mystics and theologians of ancient India do not disavow the Unity of God, nor do they find any fault with the Unitarians.


Dara's works are numerous, all in the Persian language, only some of which are readily available today. His writings fall into two broad categories. The first consists of books on Islamic Sufism and Muslim saints, and the other on the religious beliefs of the Hindus. Dara's writings on Sufism show him to have been a devout, practising Muslim, albeit opposed to the soulless ritualism of many of his contemporary 'ulama.

Dara wrote extensively on the religious systems of the Hindus, following in the tradition of several Muslim mystics and scholars before him. In accordance with the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, Dara saw the possibility of some religious figures of the Hindus having actually been prophets of God, and of certain Hindu scriptures as having been originally been divine revelations. Thus, for instance, in the Sirr-i-Akbar he claimed that a strong strain of monotheism may be discerned in the Vedas and opines that the monotheistic philosophy of the Upanishads may be 'in conformity with the Holy Qur'an and a commentary thereon'.

 

The Majma-ul Bahrain is the most well-known of Dara's several works on the religious sciences of the Hindus.

 

Completed when he was forty- two years old, this book is a pioneering attempt to build on the similarities between Islam and certain strands of Hindu monotheistic thought, and it is these two that the 'two oceans' in the book's name refers to. He describes this treatise as 'a collection of the truth and wisdom of two Truth-knowing groups'. It is, in terms of content, rather technical, focussing on Hindu terminology and their equivalents in Islamic Sufism, showing the close similarities between the two. The basic message that this book conveys is summed up in Dara's own words thus: 'Mysticism is equality'.

 

And that claim remains as meaningful today as when Dara enunciated it.

 

CONTESTS

 

*Atlas's 2007 Ibn-Khaldoun Essay Contest

 

Economics and Freedom in Islamic Societies is the theme for the Atlas Economic Research Foundation’s second annual essay contest about freedom in the Islamic Societies. 

 

The contest is named after Ibn-Khaldoun to honor the scholarly work of this prominent Islamic historian, economist, and sociologist of the 14th century.  His writings continue to inspire free-market scholars to this day, promoting the necessity of responsible government to promote economic prosperity and civilized nations.

 

The Atlas Economic Research Foundation was founded in 1981 by the late Sir Antony Fisher and is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia (USA).

 

 The winning essays will be awarded prizes (1st Prize $2,000; 2nd Prize $1,000; 3rd Prize $500 ;

Two Honorable Mentions $250 each). The essays will be posted on website www.atlasusa.org and on Azad - Atlas’s newsletter about freedom in the Middle East. Winners will be given priority to attend our regional leadership workshops in different parts of the Middle East, potentially in Egypt, Jordan, Yemen, and Morocco.

 

Entries should be no fewer than 800 words and no more than 1,400 words, typewritten, double-spaced, and footnoted.  Submissions may be written either in English or Arabic.  

 

The contest is open to university students, undergraduate and graduate levels, who are or below 30 years of age. 

 

All submissions must be received on or before November 15th, 2007.

 

More info from sajid.anani@atlasusa.org

PEACE & HARMONY EVENTS

*November 8-11, Toronto, Canada: ETHICS AND GLOBAL PEACE: NGO PERSPECTIVES is the theme of the World Congress of NGOs to be held at Delta Chelsea Hotel, to address the issue of ethics and peace at all levels: from the individual to the global community. Professional training seminars and workshops for representatives of nonprofits and NGOs will also be offered throughout the conference in topics including: 1) Peace Through Service; 2) Writing a Successful Grant: 3) Achieving Financial Sustainability; 4) Advocacy for NGOs/Nonprofits; and What Works in Business, Works for NGOs?     For details and registration form  visit www.wango.org/congress/registration.aspx More info from World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO) Tel: 914.631.8990  (USA); Fax: 914.631.8993  (USA)

Email: congress@wango.org

 

*December 1-2, Islamabad, Pakistan: INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES aims to analyze the significant issue pertaining to peace building in South Asia, with particular reference to the on-going peace dialogue between India and Pakistan, at Preston University, Islamabad. Registration fee is Rs. 1,000. More info from Dr. Sohail Mahmood, Preston University, 85, Street 3, H-8/1, Islamabad - 44000, Pakistan, Phone: +92 51 111-707-808 (office); Fax: 092- 051-4430648, Cell: +92 345 511 79 21, E-Mail: mahmood.sohail@gmail.com

 

PEACE & HARMONY REPORTS

 

*October2, Chandigarh, Punjab, India: SECOND  INDO-PAK STUDENTS PEACE CAMP

 Its barely 9.30 am and the basement of Dev Samaj College already hosts an excited crowd – students, teachers, participants, host families and volunteers. Participants from Ferozpur, Hyderabad, Delhi, Solan, Ahmedabad, Gwalior and Belgaum, as well as Pakistan provide a diverse cultural group to kick start the 2 nd  Indo-Pak Student's Peace Camp here in Chandigarh.

 

Students, teachers and parents got a good two hours to interact and share opinions. Soon after which there were steaming hot samosas and tea waiting for all.

 

Children from Manav Sadhna of Ahmedabad presented Gandhiji's favorite hymns "Vaishnava jana to" and "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram."

 

The keynote speakers and special guests for the day were introduced by Mr. Pramod Sharma the Coordinator of Yuvsatta.

 

 Eminent guests for the first day of this distinguished camp included Capt. Kanwaljit Singh, Cooperation Minister, Punjab, Mrs. Harjinder Kaur, Mayor, Municipal Corporation, Mr. SK Setia, DPI (Schools) &   Mr. Mubashir Mirza, Chairman, CYDA, Pakistan .

 

Organised jointly by YUVSATTA, Gandhi Smriti & Darshan Samiti, KB DAV Sr. Sec. School & Dev Samaj College for Women, the 5 days of the camp are divided into five different themes like Peace & Harmony, Indo-Pak Friendship, Nature & Nonviolence, Make Poverty History and Youth of the World Unite.

 

The lamp lighting ceremony was most special and unique with the distinguished guests and both Indian and Pakistani students participating along with Cpt. Kanwaljit Singh, Mrs. Harinder Karu and Mr. SK Setia in the auspicious event.

 

Then Dr. Shashi Jain – Principal of Dev Samaj College introduced the distinguished Chief guest and also enumerated the significance of this camp – to strengthen the bonding between children as roots in this process of friendship between India and Pakistan and also issues of peace keeping youth in the focus.

 

Addressing the participants Mrs. Harjinder Kaur addressing in beautiful Punjabi and immaculate English stressed on the fact that the 2 nd of October which not only signifies Gandhi Jayanti but also the International Day of Non-Violence. She urged the participants to begin the revolution not just from top or bottom but take on all of humanity. She expressed the view that children should carry the message of peace a long way.

 

All the distinguished guests were then presented with tokens of appreciation and love from the organizers by the chief guest. The chief guest Capt. Kanwaljit Singh addressed the crowd and spoke about national integration since students from all over the country   were present and encouraged us all to use this opportunity to take this forward with our friends from Pakistan. He reinforced the idea of Gandhi and Gandhi Jayanti and asked some very profound questions – "What is the importance of Mahatma Gandhi?" What is the relevance of his message?" In this context he spoke about non violence in the nuclear deal and that the nuclear deal is also a deal of threat. "Why is man creating a means of destroying himself?" He emphasized the fact that we must learn to coexist and termed liberation of the human spirit as Gandhi's main teaching and urged all to create a global network ending with the significant quote "Be the change you wish to see in the world."

PEACE & HARMONY EDUCATION & TRAINING

*December 23-25, Rajsamand, Rajasthan, India: INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUES ON CHALLENGES OF VIOLENCE, HUNGER AND POVERTY: EVOLVING SUSTAINABLE COUNTER MEASURES is being organized under the auspices of Jain Acharya Mahapragya and Yuvacharya Mahashraman, by Anuvrat Global Organization (ANUVIBHA www.anuvibha.in anuvibha@sify.com), at the Children’s Peace Palace. The program will consist of plenary sessions and workshops. Registration fee including board an dodging is $100. More info from V. Sarkar at vsarkar1@earthlink.net

*December 26-28, Rajsamand, Rajasthan, India: 1ST INTERNATIONAL NONVIOLENCE TRAINING CAMP, being organized under the auspices of Jain Acharya Mahapragya and Yuvacharya Mahashraman, by Anuvrat Global Organization (ANUVIBHA www.anuvibha.in anuvibha@sify.com), at the Children’s Peace Palace. egistration fee including board an dodging is $100.  More info from V. Sarkar at vsarkar1@earthlink.net

SRI LANKA UPDATE

           

*Supreme court could show the way out of human rights imbroglio, Jehan Perera jehanpc@sltnet.lk

The country’s international image with regard to human rights took another beating with the visit of the UN’s High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbour.  In her final media briefing she made it clear that the absence of the rule of law and the violations of human rights in Sri Lanka was alarming.  The strenuous efforts of government spokespersons, including the usually affable Minister for Human Rights Mahinda Samarasinghe, to downplay the seriousness of the human rights crisis in the country did not work this time around. 

In recent weeks, the government claimed to have come out on top in recent UN meetings on human rights in New York and Geneva, where its team of diplomats strongly denied the existence of any serious human rights crisis in the country.  Their two fold strategy was to personally attack members of human rights organizations as ill motivated persons, and also to argue that human rights violations in times of the war against terrorism in countries such as Sudan and Iraq were incomparably greater than in Sri Lanka.  

However, Ms Arbour’s visits to Jaffna, her encounter with the families of the disappeared, and meetings with a range of civil society groups seems to have convinced her that the situation in the country was bleak enough to warrant a more active international role.   What worked in New York and Geneva with distant diplomats could not work in Colombo and Jaffna where access to first hand information was much easier.  It is hardly a cause for surprise that Ms Arbour ended her five day visit to Sri Lanka by making a strong call for an UN monitoring presence in Sri Lanka

Witnessing large numbers of families of disappeared, as Ms Arbour did, who had been mobilized by the Civil Monitoring Committee to demonstrate in the UN compound in Colombo, would have had a major impact on the visiting UN team.  Listening to the accounts of both local and international NGOs who work in the field, would have been further evidence of where the truth lay. However Ms Arbour also admitted that her office could only assist Sri Lanka if the government made a request.  This could leave the victims, and victims to be, with no remedy.

Tragically, it appears that at this time the government, that scents victory over the LTTE in the military battlefield, could not care less.  So far the government’s position has been to reject any UN field monitoring presence in the country. Instead the Minister of Human Rights took the position that the government was prepared to accept technical assistance that would strengthen the government’s own mechanisms for protecting human rights.  The problem, however, is not the lack of capacity of the government’s institutions, but the lack of credibility that they suffer from. 

Nepal Example

The government’s position that it will not accept an UN office for human rights in the country as an infringement on the country’s sovereignty can be contested. The government has accepted a whole host of other UN offices in the country, including UNDP, UNHCR and UNICEF.  They have all played a positive role in being a source of solace and assistance to war affected people, as well as assisting in the country’s overall human development programmes. The same logic that applies to the presence of those UN organizations needs to prevail with regard to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.

An example of a fellow South Asian country that is equally conscious of sovereignty issues, but which adopted a more accommodative attitude towards UN involvement in human rights monitoring is Nepal.  The National Human Rights Commission of Nepal, which is a government agency, is currently working in partnership with the UN’s human rights monitoring system.  The value of study tours was highlighted when a team of visiting Sri Lankan journalists under the auspices of the National Peace Council of Sri Lanka was able to visit Nepal and meet with a wide range of persons regarding the troubled peace process in that country.

In April 2005, the Government of Nepal formally invited the UN to come to Nepal and establish a Human Rights monitoring presence. At that time Nepal was suffering from one of the highest rates of disappearances due to the armed conflict between the government forces and Maoist rebels.  Nearly 8,000 such cases had been registered by the country’s National Human Rights Commission.  Today the UN human rights mission in Nepal is the largest such mission in the world. The country’s Human Rights Commission now works closely with its UN counterpart to strengthen the system of human rights for the benefit of Nepal's citizens.

Most analysts we met during our week long stay in Nepal believed that the government and Maoists would continue with the peace process.They also believed that the UN was playing an important role in sustaining it.  But no process is irreversible, and what Nepal has it can lose and what Sri Lanka has lost it can regain. What matters most in conflict resolution is strategic decision making and political will. If the leaders of Sri Lanka have the genuine commitment to protect and promote the human rights of the country’s citizens, and to restart the peace process, the visit of UN High Commissioner, Louise Arbour, can be a great opportunity for a new beginning rather than be perceived as a threat to be contained.

Different Scenario

For the past year, the Government of Nepal has been following an enlightened policy in dealing with its Maoist rebellion. In November 2006 the government and Maoists signed a Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the armed hostilities between them. Not long thereafter both parties invited the UN to assist in their peace process. In a major move they agreed to remain in barracks and put their weapons under lock and key supervised by the UN. Although political disagreements have arisen between the government and Maoists, the ceasefire is still holding.

But for the present the scenario in Sri Lanka is very different.  There is great resistance on the part of the government to any involvement of the UN.  Civil society groups are at the other end of the spectrum, calling for an international monitoring presence.  In the aftermath of Ms Arbour’s visit, four prominent civic activists including UN and Human Rights Watch award winner Sunila Abeysekera resigned from an advisory committee of the Ministry of Human Rights to protest the government’s lack of seriousness in taking their advice and in protecting human rights and eliminating the culture of impunity.

On the other hand, the UN itself has said that it would not force its presence on Sri Lanka, and will only come in with the assent of the government.  The present Sri Lankan government has shown itself to be insensitive to international opinion, and worse still, to the human rights of its citizens. So until the government changes its mind, justice must be sought within the internal framework of the country. 

It is unacceptable when a government sees its people as statistics and argues that its own situation is not as bad as elsewhere based on just numbers.  When the seriousness of abuses are denied on  the ground of relative scale, it becomes necessary to look to institutions that look at human rights abuses as they should be, in absolute terms.  This would be the justice system.  The Supreme Court that stopped the eviction of Tamil citizens from Colombo by the government in the recent past indicated that it has the potential to hold the light in these times of darkness.  In the face of the order of the Supreme Court, the government immediately backed down and apologized to the victims.

The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka stands as the last glimmer of hope in these bleak times.  National institutions separate from the executive need to step forth to end the impunity.  The Supreme Court has stepped in where its mandate has been sought.  Now perhaps it needs to look broader, as in the famous public interest law cases of India, where, on its own volition, the Indian Supreme Court commissioned research on human rights abuses and thereafter ordered action.   In one of the Sunday newspapers there was a photograph of a little girl with tears streaming down her face calling for the release of her father, along with other families of the disappeared.  The light of justice must shine forth to scrutinize the impunities that take place in the capital city and the far corners of the country.